The 4th _Learning Python_, for Python 3.X bifurcation. This, and the 4th _Pocket Reference_, were put out to cover the new and backward-incompatible Python 3.X, released the prior year. Much of this edition's _growth_ owes to having to cover two different language lines; the vast majority of readers would still be using 2.X for many years to come. Python 3.X broke most Python programs at the time, and many people saw it as biased and rude, which is one reason its adoption was very slow. 2.X was not retired until 2020, some 12 years later, when it still had a large and loyal userbase. That said, 3.X is fully usable today, its Unicode model is more coherent, and it's still a lot nicer than Java, C++, Perl, and their ilk—especially if you ignore its bleeding-edge new stuff (and perennial douche moves).