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File: android-tkinter/CODE/calculator.py
#!/usr/local/bin/python
"""
################################################################################
PyCalc 4.0: a Python/tkinter calculator program and GUI component.
[SA] 4.0, Sep-2017: standalone release of PyCalc, PyClock, PyPhoto, PyToe.
Copyright: 1996-2019 M.Lutz, from book "Programming Python, 4th Edition".
License: provided freely, but with no warranties of any kind.
Homepage: http://learning-python.com/pygadgets.html.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ANDROID VERSION, March-April 2019 (trivially patched June 2021)
# Per http://learning-python.com/using-tkinter-programs-on-android.html#PyGadgets.
# Replace original file with this custom version on your Android device (only).
# Search for "# ANDROID" for all changes, or date for these recent changes:
#
# [Jun1421] Drop a harmless but confusing hardcoded "1" for RunningOnMac
#
# [Apr1919] Open "hist" a bit wider for usability: small phones have room.
#
# [Apr1219] Reduce the initial size of the "hist" history display for better
# fit (though accommodating both phone orientations is impossible).
# Do similar for "cmd" popups: shrink, use a smaller font to allow
# more content, redo build code to clip Run button last if resized.
# Also gets new "OK" button and size of helpmessage.py dialogs.
#
# [Apr0419] Enable enter/return in keyboards too (but shifted operator keys fail
# with no known workaround; tap/click GUI buttons for operator keys).
# Also keep half of history on "clear" trims (not Android specific).
#
# [Apr0219] Enable backspace in on-screen keyboards too (but enter doesn't work).
# Also fix traceback on rare empty+"eval" made more likely by new "back".
#
# [Mar3119] "back" backspace button, fix stuck-on buttons, history color/font.
# All undated Android changes ahead were made in this release.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluates expressions as they are entered per operator precedence,
catching GUI button clicks and keyboard keys for expression entry.
Versions:
4.0 (2017, standalone rlease [SA])
-automatic comma separators in main display
-enhanced help display
-Mac OS port
-new configs model: file or args, more options
-extra operators via new 'more' button frame
-x! factorial, -x, int(x), and 'e' extra ops
-x^y power operator with same precedence as * and /
-statistics module functions import
3.0+ (2010, PP4E, version number retained):
-port to run under Python 3.X (only)
-drop 'L' keypress (the long type is now dead in earnest)
3.0 changes (2005, PP3E):
-use 'readonly' entry state, not 'disabled', else field is greyed
out (fix for 2.3 Tkinter change);
-avoid extended display precision for floats by using str(), instead
of `x`/repr() (fix for Python change);
-apply font to input field to make it larger;
-use justify=right for input field so it displays on right, not left;
-add 'E+' and 'E-' buttons (and 'E' keypress) for float exponents;
'E' keypress must generally be followed digits, not + or - optr key;
-remove 'L' button (but still allow 'L' keypress): superfluous now,
because Python auto converts up if too big ('L' forced this in past);
-use smaller font size overall;
-auto scroll to the end in the history window
2.0 (1999, PP2E) evaluated expression parts as entered, added integrated
command-line popups, a recent calculations history display popup, fonts
and colors configuration, help and about popups, preimported math/random
constants, and more;
1.0 (1996, PP1E) was a very simplistic calculator GUI that just built up
Python expressions and passed them to eval() as a whole;
Misc. notes:
done 4.0: add a commas-insertion mode (see StringVarCommas);
done 4.0: allow '**' as an operator key (added as "^" key)
todo: allow '+' and 'J' inputs for complex Numbers
todo: use new decimal type for fixed precision floats; as is, can
use 'cmd' popup windows to input and evaluate things like complex, but
can't be input via main window;
caveat: PyCalc's precision, accuracy, and some of its behaviour, is
currently bound by result of the built-in str() call;
################################################################################
"""
import sys
from tkinter import * # widgets, consts
from PP4E.Gui.Tools.guimixin import GuiMixin # quit method
from PP4E.Gui.Tools.widgets import label, entry, button, frame # widget builders
debugme = True
def trace(*args):
if debugme: print(args)
# [SA] port to Mac OS
#
# ANDROID, Jun21: drop a spurious hardcoded "1#" (true) here, else Android
# runs macos menubar code at end, though it was a harmless no-op; all other
# macos-specific cases use "RunningOnMac or RunningOnAndoid" (hence the "1")
#
RunningOnMac = sys.platform.startswith('darwin') # all Mac OS (X) [not Android]
# [SA]: set window icons on Windows and Linux
from windowicons import trySetWindowIcon
# ANDROID - stuck-on buttons fix, etc.
RunningOnAndroid = True
################################################################################
# The main class - handles user interface.
# An extended Frame, on new Toplevel, or embedded in another container widget.
################################################################################
class CalcGui(GuiMixin, Frame):
Operators = "+-*/^=" # button lists, [SA] +^
Operands = ["abcd", "0123", "4567", "89()"] # customizable here
# [SA] additions, from book's subclasses
Extras = [(' x! ', 'factorial(%s)'),
('-x ', '-(%s)'),
('x^2', '(%s)**2'),
('1/x', '1.0/(%s)'),
('sqrt', 'sqrt(%s)'),
('int', 'int(%s)')]
def __init__(self, parent=None, configs=object()):
Frame.__init__(self, parent) # None=default Tk root
self.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH) # all parts expandable
self.eval = Evaluator() # embed a stack handler
self.text = StringVarCommas() # extended linked variable
self.text.set("0")
self.erase = 1 # clear "0" text next
self.makeWidgets(configs) # build the GUI itself
if not parent or not isinstance(parent, Frame):
self.master.title('PyCalc 4.0') # title iff owns window
self.master.iconname("PyCalc") # ditto for key bindings
self.master.bind('<KeyPress>', self.onKeyboard)
self.entry.config(state='readonly') # 3.0: not 'disabled'=grey
else:
self.entry.config(state='normal')
self.entry.focus()
self.root = parent
def makeWidgets(self, configs):
"""
build the GUI (N frames plus text-entry), register events:
"""
font = configs.Font # font, color configurable
bg, fg = configs.BgColor, configs.FgColor
self.entry = entry(self, TOP, self.text)
self.entry.config(font=font) # 3.0: make display larger
self.entry.config(justify=RIGHT) # 3.0: on right, not left
#self.entry.pack(expand=NO, fill=X) # [SA] grow vertically too
for row in self.Operands:
frm = frame(self, TOP)
for char in row:
if RunningOnMac or RunningOnAndroid: # ANDROID - else bg botched temp
# [SA] emulate colored buttons
l = label(frm, LEFT, char,
fg=fg, bg=bg, font=font)
l.bind('<Button-1>', lambda e, op=char: self.onOperand(op))
else:
button(frm, LEFT, char, lambda op=char: self.onOperand(op),
fg=fg, bg=bg, font=font)
frm = frame(self, TOP)
for char in self.Operators:
if RunningOnMac or RunningOnAndroid: # ANDROID - else bg botched temp
# [SA] emulate colored buttons
l = label(frm, LEFT, char,
fg=bg, bg=fg, font=font)
l.bind('<Button-1>', lambda e, op=char: self.onOperator(op))
else:
button(frm, LEFT, char, lambda op=char: self.onOperator(op),
fg=bg, bg=fg, font=font)
frm = frame(self, TOP)
button(frm, LEFT, 'dot ', lambda: self.onOperand('.'))
button(frm, LEFT, ' E+ ', lambda: self.text.set(self.text.get()+'E+'))
button(frm, LEFT, ' E- ', lambda: self.text.set(self.text.get()+'E-'))
button(frm, LEFT, 'cmd ', lambda: self.onMakeCmdline(configs))
button(frm, LEFT, 'help', self.help)
button(frm, LEFT, 'quit', self.quit) # from guimixin
frm = frame(self, BOTTOM)
button(frm, LEFT, 'eval ', self.onEval)
button(frm, LEFT, 'hist ', lambda: self.onHist(configs))
button(frm, LEFT, 'more ', self.onMore)
# ANDROID - add backspace button for touch, if no keyboard
button(frm, LEFT, 'back ', lambda: self.onKeyboard(type('dummy', (), dict(char='\b'))))
# or=> lambda: self.event_generate('<BackSpace>'))
button(frm, LEFT, 'clear', self.onClear)
# [SA] make+hide additions
morefrm = frame(self, TOP)
for (lab, expr) in self.Extras:
button(morefrm, LEFT, lab, (lambda expr=expr: self.onExtra(expr)))
button(morefrm, LEFT, 'pi', lambda: self.onLiteral('pi'))
button(morefrm, LEFT, 'e', lambda: self.onLiteral('e'))
morefrm.pack_forget()
self.morefrm, self.moretgl = morefrm, 0
# [SA] bind Delete for erase on Macs (\b isn't auto)
#
# ANDROID [Apr0219] - ditto, though you need an on-demand keyboard,
# and this isn't very useful because the enter/return key doesn't
# work (its <KeyPress> sends "" for all on-screen keyboards tested);
# all keys work fine and as expected in "cmd" command-line popups;
#
# ANDROID [Apr0419] - fix return key by extra handler, but operator
# keys still don't work: in Pydroid 3 they don't set .char, .keysym
# is unusable (see ahead), and this is not worth further work when
# "cmd" works fully and the GUI's buttons can be tapped or clicked;
# binding to <plus> and <asterisk> here doesn't help (but why?-TBD);
# note that tkinter fires <Return> xor <KeyPress> (preferring first);
#
if RunningOnMac or RunningOnAndroid:
class Dummy1: char = '\b'
self.master.bind('<BackSpace>', lambda e: self.onKeyboard(Dummy1))
if RunningOnAndroid:
class Dummy2: char = '\r' # or use type() or instances
self.master.bind('<Return>', lambda e:self.onKeyboard(Dummy2))
def onMore(self):
"""
[SA] show/hide extra-row additions
"""
self.moretgl += 1
if self.moretgl % 2:
self.morefrm.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
else:
self.morefrm.pack_forget()
def onClear(self):
"""
clear calculator state
"""
self.eval.clear()
self.text.set('0')
self.erase = 1
def onEval(self):
"""
run eval operation: eval all still-open exprs
"""
self.eval.shiftOpnd(self.text.get()) # last or only opnd
self.eval.closeall() # apply all optrs left
self.text.set(self.eval.popOpnd()) # need to pop: optr next?
self.erase = 1
def onOperand(self, char):
"""
handle an operand button or keypress
"""
if char == '(':
self.eval.open()
self.text.set('(') # clear text next
self.erase = 1
elif char == ')':
self.eval.shiftOpnd(self.text.get()) # last or only nested opnd
self.eval.close() # pop here too: optr next?
self.text.set(self.eval.popOpnd())
self.erase = 1
else:
if self.erase:
self.text.set(char) # clears last value
else:
self.text.set(self.text.get() + char) # else append to opnd
self.erase = 0
self.update()
def onOperator(self, char):
"""
handle an operator button or keypress
"""
self.eval.shiftOpnd(self.text.get()) # push opnd on left
self.eval.shiftOptr(char) # eval exprs to left?
self.text.set(self.eval.topOpnd()) # push optr, show opnd|result
self.erase = 1
self.update() # erased on next opnd|'('
def onExtra(self, expr):
"""
[SA] addition: run extra-row expr with value substitution
"""
try:
self.text.set(self.eval.runstring(expr % self.text.get()))
except:
self.text.set('ERROR')
def onLiteral(self, literal):
"""
[SA] addition: run extra-row literal expr
"""
self.text.set(self.eval.runstring(literal)) # e.g., 'pi', 'e'
def onMakeCmdline(self, configs):
"""
new non-modal top-level window for arbitrary Python code
"""
new = Toplevel() # new top-level window
new.title('PyCalc Command Line')
trySetWindowIcon(new, 'icons', 'pygadgets') # [SA] for win+lin
frm = frame(new, TOP) # only the Entry expands
label(frm, LEFT, '>>>').pack(expand=NO)
# ANDROID [Apr1219]: make+pack button first so clipped last if resized
onButton = (lambda: self.onCmdline(var, ent))
onReturn = (lambda event: self.onCmdline(var, ent))
button(frm, RIGHT, 'Run', onButton).pack(expand=NO)
# ANDROID [Apr1219]: use smaller font to shrink and allow more content on phones
cmdfont = 'courier 8 normal' # was configs.Font (= main buttons)
var = StringVar() # [SA] no commas here
ent = entry(frm, LEFT, var, width=30) # ANDROID [Apr1219] smaller, was 40
ent.config(font=cmdfont) # [SA] now configurable
ent.bind('<Return>', onReturn)
var.set(self.text.get())
ent.focus() # [SA] on this entry and window
def onCmdline(self, var, ent):
"""
evaluate cmdline pop-up input
"""
try:
value = self.eval.runstring(var.get())
var.set('OKAY')
if value != None: # run in eval namespace dict
self.text.set(value) # expression or statement
self.erase = 1
var.set('OKAY => '+ value)
except: # result in calc field
var.set('ERROR') # status in pop-up field
ent.icursor(END) # insert point after text
ent.select_range(0, END) # select msg so next key deletes
def onKeyboard(self, event):
"""
on keyboard press event, pretend button was pressed,
or handle extras - backspace (not delete), ?=help;
"""
#
# ANDROID [Apr0219-Apr0419] - in Pydroid 3's tkinter:
# -on backspace, event .char='' and .keysym='BackSpace'
# -on return, event .char='' and .keysym='Return'
# this differs from expected behavior; addressed with
# '<Return>' and '<BackSpace>' handler binds elsewhere;
#
# ANDROID [Apr0419] _shifted_ operator keys (e.g. '+')
# .char is '' too, but .keysym is not usable - tkinter
# sends two separate events: Shift_L/R + the *unshifted*
# key (though using "cmd" popups seems to oddly fix this);
# punt: this seems a tkinter bug - use "cmd" or buttons;
#
tracekb = False #True
if RunningOnAndroid and tracekb:
print('char=%r, keysym=%r' %
tuple(getattr(event, attr, 'none') for attr in ('char', 'keysym')))
pressed = event.char
if pressed != '':
if pressed in self.Operators:
self.onOperator(pressed)
else:
for row in self.Operands:
if pressed in row:
self.onOperand(pressed)
break
else: # 4E: drop 'Ll'
if pressed == '.':
self.onOperand(pressed) # can start opnd
if pressed in 'Ee': # 2e10, no +/-
self.text.set(self.text.get()+pressed) # can't: no erase
elif pressed == '\r':
self.onEval() # enter key=eval
elif pressed == ' ':
self.onClear() # spacebar=clear
elif pressed == '\b':
self.text.set(self.text.get()[:-1]) # backspace or "back"
elif pressed == '?': # [SA] +Mac delete
self.help()
def onHist(self, configs):
"""
show recent calcs log popup
"""
from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText # or PP4E.Gui.Tour
new = Toplevel() # make new window
new.title('PyCalc History')
trySetWindowIcon(new, 'icons', 'pygadgets') # [SA] for win+lin
# new window goes away on ok press or enter key
ok = Button(new, text=' OK ', command=new.destroy)
ok.pack(pady=1, side=BOTTOM) # pack first=clip last
new.bind("<Return>", (lambda event: new.destroy()))
text = ScrolledText(new, bg='beige') # add Text + scrollbar
bg, font = configs.HistBgColor, configs.HistFont # [SA] now configurable
text.config(bg=bg, font=font)
text.insert('0.0', self.eval.getHist()) # get Evaluator text
text.see(END) # 3.0: scroll to end
text.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
# ANDROID [Apr1219] - start smaller for fit on phones, user can resize;
# hist font preset in __main__ is larger than help font in helpmessage.py,
# and smaller than "cmd" popup font above, but all are tailored for fit;
# ANDROID [Apr1919] - open "hist" 45 wide, not 40, for ease (there's room);
#
text.config(width=45, height=20) # chars, lines (more or less: see Tk)
# go modal until window destroyed
ok.focus_set() # make new window modal:
new.grab_set() # get keyboard focus, grab app
new.wait_window() # don't return till new.destroy
def help(self):
"""
[SA] fully redesigned, and helpmessage replaces self.infobox();
called for 'help' button click, '?' keyboard press, Mac menus;
"""
from helpmessage import showhelp
showhelp(self.root, 'PyCalc', self.HelpText, forcetext=False,
setwinicon=lambda win:
trySetWindowIcon(win, 'icons', 'pygadgets'))
#if self.root: self.root.focus_force() # now done in helpmessage
HelpText = ('PyCalc 4.0\n'
'\n'
'A Python/tkinter calculator GUI.\n'
'For Mac OS, Windows, Linux, and Android.\n'
'From the book Programming Python.\n'
'Author and © M. Lutz 1996-2019.\n'
'\n'
'Use button clicks or keyboard presses to '
'input numbers and operators, or type '
'Python expression code in a "cmd" popup.\n'
'\n'
'Keyboard usage: spacebar="clear", enter="eval", '
'.="dot", ?="help", backspace or delete=erase 1 character. '
'Comma separators are inserted automatically for '
'display as numbers are entered and shown.\n'
'\n'
'Tips:\n'
'▶ "=" assigns variables '
'(e.g., ab=99, ab+1)\n'
'▶ "eval" evaluates pending expressions\n'
'▶ "more" shows/hides extra keys\n'
# ANDROID
'▶ "back" is backspace for main display\n'
'▶ "hist" displays recent calculations\n'
'▶ "^" is x^y power (Python\'s "**")\n'
'▶ "int" and "* 1." convert to int and float\n'
'\n'
'The "cmd" dialog supports entry of additional '
'ops, including all functions in Python\'s math, '
'random, statistics, and builtins modules. E.g., '
'sin(x), log(x, b), random(), mean([]), max(x, y), set().\n'
'\n'
# ANDROID
'Android users: the "back" key is backspace '
'for touch. Keyboards are limited: use the '
'"cmd" command-line popup for general entry.\n'
'\n'
'Version history (see source for changes):\n'
'● 4.0: Jan 2019, Android release\n'
'● 4.0: Sep 2017, standalone release\n'
'● 3.1: May 2010, Programming Python 4E\n'
'● 3.0 2005 3E, 2.0 1999 2E, 1.0 1996 1E\n'
'\n'
'For downloads and more apps, visit:\n'
'http://learning-python.com/programs.html'
)
################################################################################
# The expression evaluator class.
# Embedded in and used by a CalcGui instance, to perform calculations.
################################################################################
class Evaluator:
def __init__(self):
self.names = {} # a names-space for my vars
self.opnd, self.optr = [], [] # two empty stacks
self.hist = [] # my prev calcs history log
# preimport math modules into calc's namespace for "cmd"
# namespaces are disjoint: set(dir(math)) & set(dir(other))
self.runstring("from math import *") # sin(x), log(x, b), pi, e
self.runstring("from random import *") # plus builtins: max(), abs()
try:
# [SA] new in py 3.4, ignore if absent
self.runstring("from statistics import *") # mean(), median(), etc
except:
print('Note: PyCalc cannot load statistics module in your Python;')
print('upgrade to Python 3.4 or later to use its tools in PyCalc.')
def clear(self):
self.opnd, self.optr = [], [] # leave names intact
if len(self.hist) > 128: # don't let hist get too big
#
# ANDROID [Apr0419] - keep latest half of history (all platforms)
# self.hist = ['clear']
#
self.hist = self.hist[-64:] + ['--clear and trim--']
else:
self.hist.append('--clear--')
def popOpnd(self):
value = self.opnd[-1] # pop/return top|last opnd
self.opnd[-1:] = [] # to display and shift next
return value # or x.pop(), or del x[-1]
def topOpnd(self):
return self.opnd[-1] # top operand (end of list)
def open(self):
self.optr.append('(') # treat '(' like an operator
def close(self): # on ')' pop downto highest '('
self.shiftOptr(')') # ok if empty: stays empty
self.optr[-2:] = [] # pop, or added again by optr
def closeall(self):
while self.optr: # force rest on 'eval'
self.reduce() # last may be a var name
try:
self.opnd[0] = self.runstring(self.opnd[0])
#
# ANDROID [Apr0219] - fix a rare special case: an immediate backspace
# or new "back" button followed by "eval" can cause an empty string to
# succeed as a statement and return+push None, which breaks commify();
# other "back" empty-string cases all fail normally as "*ERROR*" opnds;
# this can occur in pre-Android PyCalc too but is likelier with "back";
#
assert self.opnd[0] != None
except:
self.opnd[0] = '*ERROR*' # pop else added again next:
afterMe = {'^': ['+', '-', '(', '='], # [SA] add power operator
'*': ['+', '-', '(', '='], # class member
'/': ['+', '-', '(', '='], # optrs to not pop for key
'+': ['(', '='], # if prior optr is this: push
'-': ['(', '='], # else: pop/eval prior optr
')': ['(', '='], # all left-associative as is
'=': ['('] }
def shiftOpnd(self, newopnd): # push opnd at optr, ')', eval
self.opnd.append(newopnd)
def shiftOptr(self, newoptr): # apply ops with <= priority
while (self.optr and
self.optr[-1] not in self.afterMe[newoptr]):
self.reduce()
self.optr.append(newoptr) # push this op above result
# optrs assume next opnd erases
def reduce(self):
trace(self.optr, self.opnd)
try: # collapse the top expr
operator = self.optr[-1] # pop top optr (at end)
[left, right] = self.opnd[-2:] # pop top 2 opnds (at end)
self.optr[-1:] = [] # delete slice in-place
self.opnd[-2:] = []
result = self.runstring(left + operator + right)
if result == None:
result = left # assignment? key var name
self.opnd.append(result) # push result string back
except:
self.opnd.append('*ERROR*') # stack/number/name error
def runstring(self, rawcode):
code = rawcode.replace('^', '**') # [SA] xlate power
try: # 3.0: not `x`/repr
result = str(eval(code, self.names, self.names)) # try expr: string
self.hist.append(rawcode + ' => ' + result) # add to hist log
except:
exec(code, self.names, self.names) # try stmt: None
self.hist.append(rawcode)
result = None
return result
def getHist(self):
return '\n'.join(self.hist)
################################################################################
# [SA] StringVar wrapper class.
# Used to manage thousands-separator commas display with minimal changes.
################################################################################
class StringVarCommas(StringVar):
"""
in the main number-display area (only: not cmd): auto insert commas as
numbers are entered, and remove them when fetched for the evaluator;
this also removes commas on backspace erases by a get+set combination;
literal comma presses are simply ignored (TBD: use them as a toggle?);
some lex errors are caught here (e.g., '1E2.'), but others pass here
and fail later in the evaluator (e.g., '1..2', '..1', '1EE2', '.'),
due in part to split(x, 1): removing the 1 would make more fail here;
"""
# extend StringVar interface
def get(self):
text = StringVar.get(self) # get display text
return self.decommify(text) # strip commas
def set(self, text):
text = self.commify(text) # add commas
StringVar.set(self, text) # set display text
# add text processing methods
def decommify(self, text):
return text.replace(',', '')
def commify(self, text):
text = self.decommify(text)
#text = '{:,}'.format(num) # requires an eval()
# strip sign if added by -X key
if text.startswith('-'):
sign, text = '-' , text[1:]
else:
sign = ''
# add commas to whole-number part
try:
if text.isdigit(): # all digits: 'xxx'
return sign + '{:,}'.format(int(text)) # add ',' and sign
elif '.' in text: # also for '.' or '..'
whole, rest = text.split('.', 1) # 'x.y' 'x.' '.y' 'x.yEz'
if whole: # nov17: '.any' => '.any'
whole = '{:,}'.format(int(whole)) # (whole or '0') adds '0'
return sign + whole + '.' + rest # covers '0.1e2', '.1e-2'
elif 'E' in text.upper() and 'ERROR' not in text:
whole, exp = text.upper().split('E', 1) # no '.' but whole base
whole = '{:,}'.format(int(whole)) # 'xe+z', 'xe-z', 'xez'
return sign + whole + 'E' + exp
else:
return text # other: allow 'abcd'
except:
return 'ERROR' # anything not recognized: avoid uncaught exception in GUI
################################################################################
# Main logic - when run standalone.
# Get optional configs via command-line args, make and start a CalcGui object.
#
# ANDROID - the config file is launcher-only, and Pydroid 3 doesn't do cmd-line
# arguments, so configuration options are currently limited to defaults below.
################################################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
from getConfigs import getConfigs # [SA] new common gadgets utility
defaults = dict(InitialSize=None, # None=let tkinter decide
BgColor='wheat', # main-display options
FgColor='black',
Font=('courier', 14, 'bold'), # or 'family...' str arg
# ANDROID - bg was beige, but clashes with main window default
# ANDROID - font was None, but default 5-pt font is very small
#
HistBgColor='ivory',
HistFont='courier 6 normal')
configs = getConfigs('PyCalc', defaults) # load from file or args
root = Tk() # non-default top-level window
if configs.InitialSize:
root.geometry(configs.InitialSize) # 'Wxh' size string
trySetWindowIcon(root, 'icons', 'pygadgets') # [SA] for win+lin
calc = CalcGui(root, configs) # build gui on root
if RunningOnMac:
# Mac requires menus, deiconifies, focus
# [SA] on Mac, customize app-wide automatic top-of-display menu
from guimaker_pp4e import fixAppleMenuBar
fixAppleMenuBar(window=root,
appname='PyCalc',
helpaction=calc.help, # bound method (has self)
aboutaction=None,
quitaction=calc.quit) # app-wide quit: ask
# [SA] reopen auto on dock/app click and fix tk focus loss on deiconify
def onReopen():
root.lift()
root.update()
temp = Toplevel()
temp.lower()
temp.destroy()
root.createcommand('::tk::mac::ReopenApplication', onReopen)
root.mainloop()